Fluttering energy harvesters in the wind: A review

The growing area of harvesting energy by aerodynamically induced flutter in a fluid stream is reviewed. Numerous approaches were found to understand, demonstrate and [sometimes] optimise harvester performance based on Movement-Induced or Extraneously Induced Excitation. Almost all research was conducted in smooth, unidirectional flow domains; either experimental or computational. The power outputs were found to be very low when compared to conventional wind turbines, but potential advantages could be lower noise levels. A consideration of the likely outdoor environment for fluttering harvesters revealed that the flow would be highly turbulent and having a mean flow angle in the horizontal plane that could approach a harvester from any direction. Whilst some multiple harvester systems in smooth, well-aligned flow found enhanced efficiency (due to beneficial wake interaction) this would require an invariant flow approach angle. It was concluded that further work needs to be performed to find a universally accepted metric for efficiency and to understand the effects of the realities of the outdoors, including the highly variable and turbulent flow conditions likely to be experienced

A review of passive wireless sensors for structural health monitoring

Wireless sensors for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is an emerging new technology that promises to overcome many disadvantages pertinent to conventional, wired sensors. The broad field of SHM has experienced significant growth over the past two decades, with several notable developments in the area of sensors such as piezoelectric sensors and optical fibre sensors. Although significant improvements have been made on damage monitoring techniques using these smart sensors, wiring remains a significant challenge to the practical implementation of these technologies. Wireless SHM has recently attracted the attention of researchers towards un-powered and more effective passive wireless sensors. This article presents a review of some of the underlying technologies in the field of wireless sensors for SHM - with a focus on the research progress towards the development of simple, powerless, yet effective and robust wireless damage detection sensors. This review examines the development of passive wireless sensors in two different categories: (1) use of oscillating circuits with the help of inductors, capacitors and resistors for damage detection; and (2) use of antennas, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags and metamaterial resonators as strain sensors for wireless damage monitoring. An assessment of these electromagnetic techniques is presented and the key issues involved in their respective design configurations are discussed

Piezoelectric energy harvesting from wind-induced flutter

Piezoelectric energy harvesting from fluid flow, to power Ultra Low Power (ULP) devices, has gained interest among researchers over the last decade. In this research, a "leaf and stalk" construct was investigated to harvest energy from wind-induced flutter. Fundamental Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) studies were carried out to experimentally determine the dependence of physical properties of highly compliant cantilever beams on their flutter onset and flutter frequency. The results indicated that the theoretical 2D scaling laws could be extended to 3D environment. Also, for the first time, theoretical and experimental analyses were carried out to understand flutter characteristics of slender connected body systems consisting of revolute hinge, when placed at various positions along the beam. The analysis showed that as the hinge position was varied from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the beam, the system transitioned to higher modes of flutter, thereby reducing the amount of harvestable energy. Several leaf-stalk configurations were also experimentally tested to investigate the possibility of energy harvesting from coupled bending-torsional flutter. High-speed videos were used to identify and differentiate the flutter modes of the configurations to validate the power output results. The results indicated that asymmetrical configurations, when subjected to flutter, are more prone to chaotic flapping and fatigue, thereby reducing the overall power output and effective lifespan of these harvesters. Therefore, two symmetrical-type harvesters were placed in stream-wise, cross-stream and vertical directions to identify the proximity effects of these harvesters on their power output. It was found that when two harvesters were placed in stream-wise direction, at a particular separation distance, the downstream harvester provided 20-40% high power compared to the upstream harvester. The overall purpose of this work was to develop a scalable energy harvesting system for urban sustainability, mainly to power ULP devices like sensors and LED lights

IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, FOUCAULDIAN ASCENDANCY ON THE HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL MATERIALISM MOVEMENTS

Purpose of the study: This paper analyses the prominent movements that have been significantly influenced by Foucauldian conceptions particularly power relations and knowledge. This paper focuses on two critical movements namely Historical movement and Cultural materialism movement. Methodology: This is a review paper and largely based on secondary data analysis. Foucault's ideas influenced some movements such as New Historicism and Cultural Materialism. I will discuss how Foucault was inspired and influenced by some thinkers like Nietzsche. So, the present appears to be the issue to be studied historically. This point of view led to the rise of some movements, which are focusing on present issues and problems. Main Findings: The current study shows firstly that the German philosopher Michel Foucault has a great influence on many literary movements particular the new one such as Cultural materialism and new Historicism and so on. Secondly, it appears Foucault's inspiration by some thinkers and philosophers like Louis Althusser, Nietzsche, and Machiavelli. Applications of this study: Foucault has an impact on the other movements and thinkers in which many types of research in contemporary age deal with issues that Foucault involves in his works, such as social, political and economic issues. One of the materials that Foucault focusing it, the significance of past and relate to the present. Novelty/Originality of this study: The reader can feel the obvious influence of Michel's writings through a variety of features of Althusser and Nietzsche particularly Foucault regarded Nietzsche's idea as the departure point for his power theory

Vibrio alginolytigus causing shell disease in the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal 1775)

1359-1363Scylla serrata is one of the most cultured mud crab species in the aquaculture which is also susceptible to shell disease. In the present study, Vibrio alginolyticus MF680287.1 caused by shell disease and isolated from infected mud crab S. serrata grow out pond located at Mahendrapalli, Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, India. Further, gross observation of infected mud crab showed shell lesion on the dorsal carapace. The histological examination of normal and diseased mud crab S. serrata carapace and gills was conducted. The shell lesion affected in the S. serrata carapace layers showed loss of membrenous layer and epithilium. The bacterial colonies were abundant in the cuticle. The gill lamellae showed cuticlar damage in the formation of haemocyte nodules and eosinophilic granular cells

Topical clobetasol propionate 0.025%: a therapeutic dermatologic asset

Over several decades, topical corticosteroids (TCs) have been used in the treatment of various dermatoses such as psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and eczema, among others. The TCs act by reducing inflammation and irritation after topical application. The therapeutic effect of TCs is bestowed through their diverse biologic properties such as anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, vasoconstrictive, and antimitotic activity, and its role in the reduction of lymphocyte reactivity, modulation of Langerhans cell expression, cellular and lysosomal membrane stabilization, reduction of recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes, reduction of mast cell density and reactivity, and sensitization of immunoglobulin E. Clobetasol propionate (CP) 0.025% is a class I TC available as a cream formulation. The cream formulation contains half the concentration of conventional CP (0.025%), without the loss of therapeutic potency. The lack of additives such as penetration enhancers (propylene glycol) further prevents cutaneous microbiome alteration. This comprehensive case series covers the potent efficacy and safety of ImpoyzTM (CP) Cream 0.025% in the management of various dermatological disorders

The portrayal of holocaust experience in Michael Chabon’s The Final Solution

The present paper highlights how Michael Chabon’s novel The Final Solution focuses on the Holocaust Experience in the twenty-first century American Literature. The Holocaust is known as the Shoah was the genocide of European Jews during World War II between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany. Its collaborators systematically murdered six million Jews across German occupied Europe around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. The segregation of Jews in ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question. The title of the novel refer Doyle's Sherlock Holmes story "The Final Problem" in which Holmes confronts his greatest enemy, Professor Moriarty, at Reichenbach Falls. The Final Solution is  the Nazis' plan for the genocide of the Jewish people, as well as The Seven-Per-Cent Solution, a 1974 novel written in homage to Conan Doyle by Nicholas Meyer. However, The Final Solution supplements and complicates the standard interpretation of the novel as an exercise in Holocaust piety by focusing on an “impious” subtext that appears to contradict some of the text’s more overt assumptions.&nbsp

Structural health monitoring of composite t-joints for assessing the integrity of damage zones

This paper uses one category of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) which uses strain variation across a structure as the key to damage detection. The structure used in this study was made from Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (GFRP). This paper discusses a technique developed called "Global Neural network Architecture Incorporating Sequential Processing of Internal sub Networks (GNAISPIN)" to predict the presence of multiple damage zones, determine their positions and also predict the extent of damage. Finite Element (FE) models of T-joints, used in ship structures, were created using MSC Patran(R) . These FE models were created with delaminations embedded at various locations across the bond-line of the structure. The resulting strain variation across the surface of the structure was observed. The validity of the Finite Element model was then verified experimentally. GNAISPIN was then used in tandem with the Damage Relativity Analysis Technique to predict and estimate the presence of multiple delaminations

Damage detection in T-joint composite structures

The use of composite structures in engineering applications has proliferated over the past few decades. This is mainly due to their distinct advantages of high structural performance, high corrosion resistance, and high strength/weight ratio. They are however prone to fibre breakage, matrix cracking and delaminations which are often invisible. Although there are systems to detect such damage, the characterisation of the damage is often much more difficult to achieve. A study is presented of the strain distribution of a GFRP T-joint structure under tensile pull-out loads and the determination of the presence and the extent of disbonds. Finite element analysis (FEA) has been conducted by placing delaminations of different sizes at various locations along the structure. The FEA results are also validated experimentally. The resulting strain distribution from the FEA is pre-processed by a method developed called the damage relativity assessment technique (DRAT). Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to determine the extent of damage. A real-time system has been developed which detects the presence, location and extent of damage from the longitudinal strains obtained from a set of sensors placed on the surface of the structure. The system developed is also independent of the magnitude of load acting on the structure

Damage criticality assessment in complex geometric structures using static stream response-based signal processing techniques

The use of glass-reinforced plastics (GFRP) as a structural material is widespread because of their high strength and stiffness, low mass, excellent durability and ability to be formed into complex shapes. However, GFRP composite structures are prone to delaminations which can lead to a significant degradation in structural integrity. A number of non-destructive inspection methods have been devised to inspect such structures. One class of SHM system relies on the examination of the strain distribution of the structure due to its operational loads. This paper considers the strain distribution in a GFRP structure subject to loading. The strain distribution due to delaminations of various sizes and locations along the bondline of the structure has been determined by finite element analysis (FEA). A technique called the Damage Relativity Assessment Technique (DRAT) has been developed and implemented to process the data in order to amplify the damage detection process. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been trained to relate this strain distribution to damage size and location. This ANN has been shown to predict the size and location of damage for a number of simulated cases. The extension of this technique is to detect multiple cracks in a complex structure with multiple loading sets. These studies will also be carried over for structures subjected to impulse loading. A major aspect of this effort will include the pseudo-automated assessment of the criticality of the damage. Results from computational and experimental work, in this regard will be presented and used in conjunction with the DRAT and the ANN techniques described above